Author: Bihar Say | Amrita |

A Tariff Twist That Could Affect Bihar’s Global Makhana Story

Behind every crunchy bite of makhana lies the hard work of thousands of farmers from Bihar. But a recent development in global trade might just challenge their journey of turning this traditional superfood into an international favorite.

Bihar: The Heartland of Makhana Production

Makhana, or fox nut, is not just a snack—it’s a legacy. Bihar, especially the Mithilanchal region, contributes around 85% of India’s total makhana production. Over the years, this humble crop has gained popularity in international markets, especially in the United States, for its health benefits and unique nutritional value.

In 2024 alone, India exported nearly 600 tonnes of makhana to the US, driven by increasing demand among health-conscious consumers.

New Tariff Policy May Impact Export Viability

According to Satyajit Singh, Managing Director of a leading makhana export firm in Bihar, a recent 26% tariff hike on agricultural imports by the US has raised concerns. Earlier, the tariff on makhana was 3.5%. Now, it stands at 29.5%, which could significantly increase the product’s cost in the American market.

“US importers are requesting Indian suppliers to lower prices by 26% to maintain affordability in their market,” Singh explained.
“However, this may not be financially sustainable for Indian exporters.”

What This Means for Farmers

The impact won’t stop at exporters. If the US demand decreases, it could affect local procurement rates, eventually impacting the incomes of makhana farmers across districts like Darbhanga, Madhubani, and Sitamarhi. These regions depend heavily on this crop, and any disruption in the export chain could pose serious economic challenges.

Looking Ahead: Diversifying Export Markets

While the tariff presents a challenge, exporters are already exploring new markets in Europe, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. The global appetite for healthy, plant-based foods remains strong, and makhana still holds promise.

Singh noted,

“This change encourages us to optimize our supply chains and diversify our outreach. India has the potential to build makhana as a global superfood brand.”

The Bigger Picture: Strengthening Resilience

This development highlights the need for robust trade strategies and support systems that protect local producers from global uncertainties. By investing in processing infrastructure, certifications, and market access, India can help its farmers remain competitive globally.

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